3 OSDD and UDD are what was previously known as dissociative disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS) which is a diagnosis given when the full diagnostic criteria for other dissociative disorders including DID are not met. Other disorders at points on this spectrum in between these two diagnoses include dissociative amnesia (with or without dissociative fugue), depersonalisation/derealisation disorder, other specified dissociative disorder (OSDD) and unspecified dissociative disorder (UDD). The least extreme on the spectrum is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the most extreme is dissociative identity disorder (DID). There is a range of dissociative disorders on a spectrum of severity, and this spectrum is usually correlated to how extreme and chronic the trauma experienced in early childhood was. There is also often a lack of a coherent sense of autobiography, and this itself leads to problems with a sense of identity - 'Who am I?' and 'What has happened in my life?' This all results from dissociation acting as a creative survival mechanism in the face of overwhelming trauma, whereby the mind shields itself by segregating the experience, or splitting it off into its constituent parts rather than experiencing it as what would be an unendurable 'whole'. 2 So, for example, memories and feelings may not go together - memories may be recalled with no accompanying affect or emotions, or there may be overwhelming feelings with no conscious memory of their cause. But an increasing body of research, literature and clinical material is providing a new and more accurate representation of DID.ĭissociative disorders are characterised by 'a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of the environment'. Many people also believe that it is a rare condition.
The view of many people with regard to DID has been influenced by Hollywood representations such as in the book and film Sybil.
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